Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (or MAPCAs) are arteries that develop to supply blood to the lungs when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped. Instead of coming from the pulmonary trunk, supply develops from the aorta and other systemic arteries.

What are Aortopulmonary collateral arteries?

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (or MAPCAs) are arteries that develop to supply blood to the lungs when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped. Instead of coming from the pulmonary trunk, supply develops from the aorta and other systemic arteries.

What is Aortopulmonary window?

Aortopulmonary window is a rare heart defect in which there is a hole connecting the major artery taking blood from the heart to the body (the aorta) and the one taking blood from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary artery). The condition is congenital, which means it is present at birth.

What is Unifocalization of MAPCAs?

The unifocalization process is individualized based on the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and MAPCAs. The distal branches are probed with metal sizers to assess size, orientation, and whether there are any stenoses present.

How common is MAPCAs?

While TOF is the most common cyanotic CHD lesion, TOF/PA/MAPCAs is the most extreme form of TOF and accounts for a small subset of cases (ie, 20 percent of TOF cases have TOF/PA, and approximately 30 to 65 percent of these have MAPCAs) [1,2].

What is anomalous left coronary artery?

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect in which the left coronary artery arises abnormally from the pulmonary artery. Normally, the left and right coronary arteries arise from the aorta and supply blood with oxygen to the heart.

What is a tricuspid atresia?

Tricuspid atresia (pronounced try-CUSP-id uh-TREE-zhuh) is a birth defect of the heart where the valve that controls blood flow from the right upper chamber of the heart to the right lower chamber of the heart doesn’t form at all.

Where is the aortopulmonary located?

AP window is most commonly a single communication between the intrapericardial portions of the aorta and the pulmonary artery and usually is located a few millimeters above the two separate semilunar valves.

Can pulmonary atresia be cured?

Treatments. Most babies with pulmonary atresia will need medication to keep the ductus arteriosus open after birth. Keeping this blood vessel open will help with blood flow to the lungs until the pulmonary valve can be repaired. Treatment for pulmonary atresia depends on its severity.

How rare is pulmonary atresia with VSD and MAPCAs?

Tetrology of Fallot (TOF) comprises 3.9% of congenital heart disease,[1] of which approximately 5–10% have pulmonary atresia (PA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD). Two-thirds of the cases with PA are associated with major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs).

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

Eisenmenger (I-sun-meng-uhr) syndrome is a long-term complication of an unrepaired heart defect that someone was born with (congenital). The congenital heart defects associated with Eisenmenger syndrome cause blood to circulate abnormally in your heart and lungs.

How serious is anomalous coronary artery?

An anomalous coronary artery wasn’t formed correctly in the womb. This rare problem means your coronary artery is in the wrong spot or it started in the wrong spot. This can cause problems with how your blood circulates through your heart. When your heart muscle doesn’t get the oxygen it needs, tissues can die.