The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) system is a well-characterized lymphokine receptor system that plays a central role in the induction of immune responses. High-affinity IL-2R complexes are expressed on activated lymphoid cells.

What is the function of IL-2 receptor?

The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) system is a well-characterized lymphokine receptor system that plays a central role in the induction of immune responses. High-affinity IL-2R complexes are expressed on activated lymphoid cells.

What does a high interleukin 2 receptor mean?

The serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) level is elevated in patients with most types of lymphoid neoplasms, and is also elevated in patients with solid tumors or reactive conditions, such as severe inflammation.

Which cells have il2 receptors?

IL-2 is a 4-bundle α-helical protein of 15 kDa predominately produced by antigen-activated T cells that binds to a high-affinity receptor consisting of three subunits, IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), and γc (CD132), that are readily found on Treg cells and recently antigen-activated T lymphocytes.

Is CD4 T cell receptor?

CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells. The TCR complex and CD4 bind to distinct regions of the antigen-presenting MHC class II molecule.

What are CD25 cells?

CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells Induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic/suppressive state.

What is IL-2 secreted?

CD4 Th cells
At resting conditions, CD4 Th cells are the main source of the constant but low levels of IL-2. On immune activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and costimulatory signals, T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) start to secrete large amounts of IL-2 (3, 4).

What are the side effects of interleukin 2?

Side effects of IL-2 can include flu-like symptoms such as chills, fever, fatigue, and confusion. Some have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Many people develop low blood pressure, which can be treated with other medicines.

What is soluble CD25?

Soluble CD25 in serum: a potential marker for subclinical macrophage activation syndrome in patients with active systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

What is the function of IL 10?

A primary function of IL-10 during infection is to inhibit the host immune response to pathogens and microbiota, thereby mitigating tissue damage and immunopathology.

Where are IL-2 receptors found?

The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2.

Is IL-2 the same as CD25?

The IL-2 receptor is composed of 3 distinct subunits, namely the alpha (CD25), beta (CD122), and gamma (gammac) chains.

What is IL-2R receptor?

IL-2 receptor. The interleukin-2 receptor ( IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2 .

What receptor chain binds IL-2 with high affinity?

The α chain binds IL-2 with low affinity, the combination of β and γ together form a complex that binds IL-2 with intermediate affinity, primarily on memory T cells and NK cells; and all three receptor chains form a complex that binds IL-2 with high affinity (Kd ~ 10−11 M) on activated T cells and regulatory T cells.

How does the concentration of IL-2 affect T cell immune response?

Once IL-2 binds to the high affinity receptor, the complex is rapidly internalized and has only a short time to signal. IL-2, IL-2Rβ, and γ c are rapidly degraded, but IL-2Rα is recycled to the cell surface. Thus, the concentration of IL-2 and its receptor available determines the tempo, magnitude and extent of T cell immune responses.

What is the interleukin 2 receptor family called?

The Interleukin-2 Receptor Family/γC. Of the IL-2 receptor family, the cytokine receptors for IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15 have been found to be expressed in glia. These cytokine receptors contain a ligand-binding subunit (also designated as the α chain) and a commonly shared γC chain.