According to formula (1), the average hop distance can be calculated as (40 + 75)/(2 + 5) = 16.42 m. In Figure 1, unknown node A receives the average hop distance from beacon node .

How is hopping distance calculated?

According to formula (1), the average hop distance can be calculated as (40 + 75)/(2 + 5) = 16.42 m. In Figure 1, unknown node A receives the average hop distance from beacon node .

What is Mott Gurney law?

The Mott–Gurney law offers some crucial insight into charge-transport across an intrinsic semiconductor, namely that one should not expect the drift current to increase linearly with the applied voltage, i.e., from Ohm’s law, as one would expect from charge-transport across a metal or highly doped semiconductor.

What is child Langmuir equation?

Child’s Law (or the Child-Langmuir Law or three-halves-power law) gives the maximum space-charge-limited current in a planar diode of infinite radius (i.e. one-dimensional beam) as a function of the length and potential difference between anode and cathode. J = K Vd3/2 / d2.

What is a particle of light called?

The light particle conceived by Einstein is called a photon. The main point of his light quantum theory is the idea that light’s energy is related to its oscillation frequency (known as frequency in the case of radio waves).

What is Richardson Dushman equation?

The Richardson-Dushman equation relates the current density of a thermionic emission to the work function (W) and temperature (T) of the emitting material: js = A T2 exp(-W/kT) where. js is the current density of the emission (mA/mm2) A is Richardson’s constant.

What is the Frenkel Poole effect?

[3] The Frenkel Poole effect describes how, in a large electric field, the electron doesn’t need as much thermal energy to get into the conduction band (because part of this energy comes from being pulled by the electric field), so it does not need as large a thermal fluctuation and will be able to move more frequently. 4. APPLICATIONS AND SUMMARY

What is the Frenkel-Poole formula for overall conductivity?

σ = σ0eαE (4) Now, the overall conductivity is thus given by: we obtain the standard form of Frenkel-Poole Emission Formula as follows: [3] 3. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION

What is the difference between Poole-Frenkel equation and Hartke’s expression?

From a theoretical point of view, Hartke’s expression has to be preferred to Poole-Frenkel equation on the grounds that the threedimensionality of the problem of the trap barrier lowering is considered. Additional three-dimensional models have been developed, differing by the treatment they do of the emission process in the upwind direction.

What is the Poole-Frenkel process?

The Poole-Frenkel process is the limiting mechanism of conduction at the beginning of the memory programming regime due to the higher current provided by tunneling. As the trapped electron charge raises, beginning to screen the field, the modified Fowler-Nordheim tunneling becomes the limiting process.