Sound localization is based on binaural cues (interaural differences), or differences in the sounds that arrive at the two ears (i.e., differences in either the time of arrival or the intensity of the sounds at the right and left ears), or on monaural spectral cues (e.g., the frequency-dependent pattern of sound …

What is responsible for localization of sound?

Sound localization is based on binaural cues (interaural differences), or differences in the sounds that arrive at the two ears (i.e., differences in either the time of arrival or the intensity of the sounds at the right and left ears), or on monaural spectral cues (e.g., the frequency-dependent pattern of sound …

What factors influence sound localization?

Precision of sound source localization depends primarily on the type of sound source, the listener’s familiarity with the source, and the type of acoustic environment. It is also affected by the sound duration, relative movements of the sound source and listener, and presence of other sounds in the space.

What is meant by the localization of sound provide an example?

An example of sound localization is when you are driving and hear an ambulance siren. You want to determine if it is coming near you so you can stop your vehicle if it needs to pass you. Using your auditory perceptions you can determine what direction the siren is coming from and that it is growing fainter.

What two factors allow us to localize sounds?

Sound localization depends on two factors: the difference in the loudness of the sound in each ear and how long was required for the sound to arrive at each ear.

What are the 3 main cues we use to localize sounds?

Three main physical parameters are used by the auditory system to locate a sound source: time, level (intensity) and spectral shape.

What are the 3 cues for sound localization?

Sound source localization is paramount for comfort of life, determining the position of a sound source in 3 dimensions: azimuth, height and distance. It is based on 3 types of cue: 2 binaural (interaural time difference and interaural level difference) and 1 monaural spectral cue (head-related transfer function).

What type of sound do we localize by comparing the time of arrival at the two ears?

The azimuth of a sound is signaled by the difference in arrival times between the ears, by the relative amplitude of high-frequency sounds (the shadow effect), and by the asymmetrical spectral reflections from various parts of our bodies, including torso, shoulders, and pinnae.

Why is it so difficult to localize sound with only one ear How does having two ears help to localize sound?

With two ears, you are able to hear sounds clearly from both directions. Hearing sound from only one side of the body limits the amount of sound that you can hear clearly from the other side. This limits the range from which you can understand and comprehend noises.

Why is sound localization important?

Improvement in the intelligibility of speech under noise conditions, The reduction of unpleasant background noise (Koenig effect), Enhancement in the ability to localize sound, and. Elimination of the head-shadow effect that occurs when the head is positioned between the sound source and the aided ear.

What is duplex theory of sound localization?

According to the duplex theory of sound localization (Rayleigh, 1907), each type of cue is used to find the origin of a different kind of sound: low-frequency sounds are located based on interaural time differences, and high-frequency sounds based on level differences.

What is sound source localization?

Sound source localization is paramount for comfort of life, determining the position of a sound source in 3 dimensions: azimuth, height and distance. It is based on 3 types of cue: 2 binaural (interaural time difference and interaural level difference) and 1 monaural spectral cue (head-related transfer function).

Does sound source localization matter in the animal kingdom?

Introduction Sound source localization has long been indispensable in the animal kingdom: it enables offspring but equally prey or predators in a hostile environment to be rapidly located.

Do binaural cues help locate nearby sources of sound?

Binaural cues, and especially ILD, also help locate nearby (< 1.5 m) sources [47], due to considerable level differential between the ears (e.g., whispering in one ear). 3. Conclusion Sound source localization depends on 3 types of cue: 2 binaural (ITD and ILD) and 1 monaural (HRTF).

What is the difference between nearby and distant sources?

Nearby sources entail relatively large ITDGs, as the first reflections have further to travel, whereas direct and reflected waves from distant sources travel comparable distances and show short ITDGs. Level is also a distance cue, distant sources giving rise to lower perceived level. This can most easily be assessed for familiar sources.