Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic in aflatoxin family. It is well known for its involvement in hepatic carcinogenesis. Other adverse effects include immune weakness, reproduction deficiency, malnutrition, and growth impairment.

Is aflatoxin B1 toxic?

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic in aflatoxin family. It is well known for its involvement in hepatic carcinogenesis. Other adverse effects include immune weakness, reproduction deficiency, malnutrition, and growth impairment.

How do you get rid of aflatoxin B1?

The most common way to remove AFB1 using physical methods is to heat and use gamma rays. Aflatoxins are highly thermostable. Studies have shown that AFB1 levels are significantly reduced by heating at 100 and 150°C for 90 minutes, respectively, at 41.9 and 81.2%.

What does aflatoxin B1 do?

Aflatoxin B1, which is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which presumptively causes cancer by inducing DNA adducts leading to genetic changes in target liver cells. AFB1 is metabolized by cytochrome-P450 enzymes to the reactive intermediate AFB1-8, 9 epoxide (AFBO) which binds to liver cell DNA, resulting in DNA adducts.

What foods contain aflatoxin B1?

Aflatoxins can occur in foods such as groundnuts, tree nuts, maize, rice, figs and other dried foods, spices, crude vegetable oils and cocoa beans, as a result of fungal contamination before and after harvest.

What happens if you eat aflatoxins?

Ingesting small quantities of the toxins over the long term can cause liver cancer, and in some cases, it can cause lung cancer. This is because aflatoxins are potent carcinogens, which are cancer-causing agents. Treatment of aflatoxin poisoning all depends on what is happening to the person.

How does aflatoxin B1 cause mutations?

AFB1 is metabolized in liver to AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide, an intermediate metabolite that reacts chemically with DNA and causes mutations.

What are the symptoms of aflatoxin?

If your pet is showing signs of aflatoxin poisoning such as sluggishness, loss of appetite, vomiting, jaundice (yellowish tint to the eyes, gums or skin due to liver damage), unexplained bruising or bleeding, and/or diarrhea, contact a veterinarian immediately.

How do I know if I have aflatoxin?

Signs of Illness Pets suffering from aflatoxin poisoning may experience signs such as sluggishness, loss of appetite, vomiting, jaundice (yellowish tint to the eyes, gums or skin due to liver damage), unexplained bruising or bleeding, and/or diarrhea.

Can you taste aflatoxin?

However, aflatoxin is colourless, odourless and invisible, and there is often no sign of contamination. It also tasteless, though a large amount of fungus could make the grain or other food taste bitter.

Is aflatoxin B1 a carcinogen?

Conclusion. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is synthesized by Aspergillus fungi, is the most common carcinogenic type of aflatoxins and can be found in human diet, such as corn, peanuts, cereals, rice, etc.

Can aflatoxin be cured?

There is no antidote for aflatoxins, so the aim of treatment is usually to remove the source of aflatoxins to prevent additional exposure (e.g., stop the feeding of contaminated pet food), to provide supportive care management of the specific blood and biochemical imbalances in the pet’s system.

Should I worry about aflatoxin?

Exposure to aflatoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.

What is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)?

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens and is the most toxic member of this group of mycotoxins. Other AFs are less toxic (B1 > G1 > B2 > G2).

What are the 4 types of aflatoxins?

Of the four major aflatoxins (B1, G1, B2, G2), B1 is the most potent and most common. Whenever they occur as food contaminants, aflatoxin B1 always is present. The other major aflatoxins have not been reported in the absence of B1.

Which animals are more susceptible to aflatoxin B1 toxicity?

Young animals are, as a rule, more susceptible than adults. Adult mice are less sensitive than neonates as well as adults of other laboratory species including rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Aflatoxin B 1 induces hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

What is the LD50 of aflatoxin B1 in rats?

The oral LD 50 range of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 0.3-17.9 mg/kg body weight for most animal species. For instance, the oral LD 50 of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 17.9 mg/kg body weight in female rats and 7.2 mg/kg body weight in male rats.